Fases de la elaboración del núcleo temático naturaleza-racionalidad: Tesis de tradición estoica y ciceroniana en Felipe Canciller y en Tomás de Aquino

Abstract

XIII century Scholastic methodological work manifests the speculative effort of reception and re-elaboration of ancient sources with the intention of conceiving the intrinsic structure within the nature of the world, both in its whole and in its parts. It is worth pointing out in this context that ciceronian writings as means of documentation of theses from the late antiquity, being a critic revision of stoic teachings, are assimilated by scholastic authors –such as Phillip the Chancellor and Thomas Aquinas– in doctrinal synergy with Aristotelian stances in the arrangement of a renewed finalist theory of the created universe. Such methodological work, implies phases in the speculative and linguistic constitution, in which Latin terms like natura, ius, lex and vis belong to a wide semantic field, which present problems so deep that the predication of the notion and comprehension of ratio ought to be reconsidered. Thus, the objective of this research is firstly to examine the contribution of central theses by Phillip the Chancellor (whose Latin text is dealt with in the Summa de Bono’s critic, cura N. Wicki, Bernae, 1985) in the elaboration of the thematic nucleus “nature-rationality” within his philosophy of man and the metaphysic basis of his aretology. Secondly, this research will consider some of his projections in Thomas Aquinas’ writings that reveal the continuity of said speculative effort (In Sententias, Summa Theologiae y Quaestiones Disputatae).