Fondement hylémorphique de la discontinuité métaphysique entre l’intelligence artificielle et la subjectivité humaine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53439/stdfyt57.29.2026.43-71Palabras clave:
ontologie, anthropologie philosophique, hylémorphisme, téléologie, éthique technologique, subsidiarité techniqueResumen
Cet article examine la spécificité ontologique de la personne humaine à l’aune du développement contemporain de l’intelligence artificielle. Le débat autour des systèmes artificiels, nourri par le dépassement du mécanisme classique et l’essor des modèles computationnels complexes, a déplacé la question de la cognition d’une approche strictement fonctionnelle vers une controverse plus large portant sur la subjectivité, la conscience et la normativité. L’étude soutient qu’une telle controverse ne peut être abordée de manière satisfaisante qu’à travers une articulation souple entre philosophie de l’esprit, phénoménologie et métaphysique classique. Dans cette perspective, la structure substantielle, opératoire et téléologique du sujet humain est mise en regard de l’organisation technique des systèmes artificiels. L’analyse montre que la compréhension sémantique, l’autodétermination morale, l’affectivité vécue et l’assomption de la finitude temporelle manifestent une intériorité spirituelle irréductible à la manipulation syntaxique et à l’obsolescence fonctionnelle. Dès lors, l’intelligence artificielle ne saurait être considérée comme un sujet moral ni comme une instance autonome de normativité. L’étude conclut que la gouvernance technologique doit être orientée par le principe de subsidiarité technique, en subordonnant la conception algorithmique au jugement moral humain.
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